 Descriptions of varieties |
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Hawai‘i
Creole English, locally
known as "Pidgin", is spoken by at least 600,000 people in the
U.S.A. state of Hawai‘i. It is an important marker of local identity,
and is used widely in literature. |
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African
American (Vernacular) English (AAVE),
also called "Ebonics",
is a minority dialect spoken by most African Americans thoughout the
U.S.A. It is a marker of ethnic identity, and also a symbol of a youth
culture (though rap and hiphop music). |
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Papiamentu is a creole language spoken by about 200,000 people on the Caribbean
islands of Aruba, Bonaire, and Curaçao, whose flags are shown
here. (Bonaire and Curaçao are politically part of the the
Netherlands Antilles.)
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Papiamentu is a co-official language
(alongside Dutch) on all three islands, and serves as the language of
daily life, used in homes, markets, TV, radio, newspapers, literature,
churches, and, to a limited extent, in schools. |
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Each island has a slightly different
dialect. On Aruba, people speak 'Papiamento', not 'Papiamentu'! |
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《英语与社会》朱跃著...
