Word Formation — Compounding

I．Recognition of a compound word
A. Orthographic criterion
B. Phonological criterion
C. Semantic criterion

II．Classification of Compounds

A. Noun compounds

(1) Classification according to the parts of speech of two words
(2) Classification according to syntactic relation of compounding elements

B. Adjective compounds

(1) Classification according to the parts of speech of two words:

a) adj. compounds with an adj. as the center
b) adj. compounds with a participle as the center
c) adj. compounds with a noun or n-ed as the center
d) adj. compounds formed with phrases

(2) Classification according to syntactic relation of compounding elements:

Adjective compounds formed from:

a) phrasal verbs
b) adverbial phrases
c) proverbs and idiomatic expressions

C. Verb compounds

(1) Those formed by back-formation
(2) Those formed by conversion.